Windmill.



Patented May 2l. |901.

2 Shee'is-Sheet I.

A. uAnALnsoN,-

W l N D Il Il. L.

(Applic'ation Bled Nov. 3. 1899.)

(lo Model.)

WITJYESISE'S No. 674,554. Patented My 2|, I90l.

A. HARALDSDN.

WINDMILL.

(Application lad Nov. 3, 1899.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

mTJrEssEs.' I IJYrENToR: MM/ A ML/Lmnfn UNITED STATES PATENT uE-EicE.

AUGUST HARALDSON, OF CENTER CITY, MINNESOTA.

WINDMILL.

SPECIFICATION. forming part of Letters Patent No. 674,554, dated May 21, 1901.

Application filed November 3, 1899. Serial No. '735, 693. (N0 mOdeLl To @ZZ wtmn it may concern:

Be it known that I, AUGUST HARALDSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Center City, in the county of Ohisago and State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Windmills; andI do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactVv description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the gures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in windmills; and the objects of the invention are, first, to provide a windmill with an improved compact balance-gearing; second, to provide the Wind-wheel of a windmill with new and eflcient means for tilting the sails or wings more or less or entirely in line with the Wind; third, to provide a wind mill with an improved, adjustable, and balanced govern or mechanism, and, fourth, to construct a Wind-4 wheel of such special shapes of materials that the greatest strength may be obtained Without making the wheel heavy. These and other objects I attain by the novel construction and arrangementof parts illustratedin the accompanying drawings, in Which- Figure 1 is a substantially central vertical sectional side elevation of the upper portion of my windmill with most of the wind-wheel omitted and with the intersecting plane deviating from a true vertical line, where such deviation promotes clearness. Fig. 2 is a rear view, and Fig. 3 is a side or edge View, of the yoke 74 in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a detail view of the tension-spring of the governor. Fig. 5 is a yoke or yoke-plate, and Fig. 6 is a ratchetwheel employedin the adjustment of said tension-spring, as will below be fully'explained., Fig. 7 is a detail view of the studded collar or-yoke 12 in Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a portion of Fig. 1 directly above Fig. 8, but not in section. Fig. 9 is a transverse section on the line ct a in Fig. 8 with the yoke 44 turned out of 'the vertical line to be better viewed. Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 are details of the governor mechanism presently to be described. Fig. 15 is a rear view of a portion of the wind-wheel with the shaft 7 and its supporting tube or slee-ve 5 intersected on the line b b in Fig. 1 and the rods 48 removed from the bell-crank levers 49. Fig. 16 is a radial sectional View about as on the line c c in Fig. 15, but with the spoke 87 and joints of the wheel-rings not shown. Fig. 17 is an enlarged perspective Aview showing more clearly the construction of the wind-wheel.

Figs. 18 and 19 are detail views of parts of' Fig. 2oV

the tilting mechanism for the Wings. is a side view of the metallic clips secured at the outer ends of the wings. Fig. 21 is a similar clip for the inner or small end of each wing. Fig. 22 is a modification of the rod or link 69 in Fig. 15. Fig. 23 is a left-hand end View of either Fig. 2O or Fig. 2l with a portion of the Wooden wing 66 secured therein. 24 is a top view of the collar 28 in Fig. 1.

Referring to the various parts in the drawings by reference-numerals, 1 designates'the timbers formingthe upper portion of the tower of the mill. They are bolted together and to the cap 2, in the upper cavity of which the base or turn-table 3 of the saddle 4 swivels. The saddle4 is provided with atubular portion or sleeve 5 and the stand 6, in which the shaft7of the wind-wheel is journaled and retained by the collar 8 and the rear spider 9 of the wind-wheel. 9 is the front spider or collar of the Wind-wheel. It is secured on the shaft 7 and by the braces 9 to the outer wheel-ring 63. (Shown in Figs. 15,116, and 17.) To the said frame or saddle is secured, by the rod or bar 10 and the brace 11, the regular vane, (not shown,) by which the Windwheel is at all times held properly against the Wind.

The balance-gearing is constructed as fol' lows: v A Upon the shaft 7 is secured the yoke or collar 12, provided with two opposite studs 12X, on which are journaled and by the nuts 13 retained the two bevel-gears 14. Meshing with said gears- 14 and journaled on the shaft 7 are the double gears 15 16 and 17 18, of which the gear 16 is driven by the gears 14 and drives the gear 2O and the upright shaft 21, secured therein, and driving all working machinery which is to be driven by the mill, While the gear 18 engages the gear 19, which by means of the tube 22 and frame-bar 23 is held rigid.

Fig.

IOO

24 represents journals in the tube 22 for the shaft 21 to rotate in.

25 is a large tube secured in the turn-table and journaled in the bearings 2 and 26 in' the tower. On the lower end of said tube or hollow journal 25 is secured by the set-screw 27 the collar 28, which, as shown in Fig. 24, is provided in its annular flange 29 with two opposite notches 30, in which guide the upwardly-projecting arms 3l of the collar 32, revolving in the vertically-sliding cross-head 33, so that the two collars 28 and 32 may revolve or rotate with the tube 25 as the wind changes direction.

From the above-described arrangement it will be seen that the gear 19 serves only as a circular toot-hed track for .holding the double gear 18 17 rigid in any position given it by the horizontal swinging of the saddle accordv ing as the wind acts on the vane, and the Wheel 17 serves as a track for the wheels 14 to run on and causes them to rotate, so that their-opposite edges or sides drive the wheel wheel 20, and thereby draw the wind-wheel out of line with the wind, the wheel 18 tries totravel on the wheel 19 in the opposite direction because acted lon by the wheels 14. Hence the gearing is perfectly balanced both in regard to force and friction.

In Fig. l will he seen that a wire rope 34 is passed down through one of the arms 31 or near by it and is provided with a retainingknot 35 at its lower end below the ring or collar 32, while the upper portion of the rope is passed over a sheave 36 and secured to the lower and swinging end of the yoke 37, which, by means of the link 38, is pivoted to the upright 39 of the framework. The yoke 37 receives near its middle the trunnions 40 of the arms 41 of the sliding head or collar 42, which is guided by and slides on the ribs 43 at 0pposite sides of the Jframe-sleeve 5.

In a peripherical groove in the sliding head 42 engages the internal annular flange 44 (see Fig. 1) of the ring or strap 45, which is iliade in two halves secured together by the bolts 46 and has pivoted to it at 47 the two rods or links 48, of which the front ends are pivotally secured to the inner arms of two diametrically opposite bell-crank levers 49, fulcrumed in the bridge-bars 50, bolted upon the front side of the wind-wheel, as shown in Figs. 1 and 15. (See also details in Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14, which go together the way indicated in dotted lines and are held together by pins passed through the holes 51, 52, 53, and 54.)

To the outer ends of the bell-crank levers 49 are pivot-ally secured the outer ends of the rods 55, the inner ends of which are provided with slotted holes 56, plying on the two pivotlike portions 57 of the rods 58of which the outer ends 59 are pivoted to the inner arms of the bell-crank levers 60, each of which has a rod 61 connected with another bell-crank lever 62 near the outer ring 63 of the windwheel, while the inner lever is mounted near Ithe inner ring 64 ofthe wind-wheel. In said wheel-rings are pivoted at 65 the sails or wings 66, which, by means of the pivots 67, ring 68, and links 69, are connected with the bell-crank levers 62 androds 61 and 58, while the smaller wing-tilting ring is connected to the bell-crank levers 60 by the links 71 and engages the pivots 72 at the small ends ofthe wings. 'By this arrangement it will be seen that whenever the windmill is to be stopped the operator needs only take hold of the lower end of the groundrope 92, which is secured bythe hail 93 tothe sliding head 33 and pull down and secure the rope in such a position that the wings will all stand edgewise to the wind.

The governor and its regulating mechanism will now he described and are as follows: Upon the hollow hub or short sleeve 73 of the spider 9 (see Figs. 1 and 15) I place in the order shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6 rst the yoke 74, which has a tubular bearing 75, around which is placed loosely the spiral spring 76 and in rear thereof the yoke or plate 77, so that the hook 78 of the spring engages the hole 79 in the yoke 74 and the hook 8O engages the hole 81 in the yoke 77, while the pivoted pawl 82 on the latter yoke engages the teeth of the ratchet-wheel 83, which is secured by its screws 84 upon the rear end of said sleeve 73 of the wind-wheel hub. The rods 58 being connected with the ends of the yoke 74 and the rods 61 being provided with the weights 85, it follows that when the windwheel revolves at an ordinary speed the centrifugal force throws the weights 85 toward the periphery of the wind-wheel with sufficient momentum to wind the spring76 enough to allow the wings of the Wheel to stand at the properincline to the wind, and if the wind gets stronger and turns the-wheel faster then the weights 85 by their greater outward force further wind the spring until the wings stand nearly edgewise to the wind, and if the operator desires to run the mill at an eXtra high speed then he simply takes hold of the outer ends of the yoke 77 and turns-it with the pawl 82 a few cogs forward on the ratchetwheel 83, so that the spring gets more resisting tension to the weights 85. The slots 56 in the rods 55 permit the yoke 74 to oscillate, so that the governor mechanism may work independently ofthe stopping mechanism already above described. It will be understood, however, that by means of the stopping-rope the ends of the slots 56 may be drawn against the pivots 57, and thereby normally hold the wings in a partly-inclined position to the wind, so as to enable the wind to start the wheel, which it cannot very well do if the rope is hanging slack, allowing the spring to turn the wings entirely flat side to the wind.

It will be observed that the weights 85 are IOO IIS

located diametrically opposite each other and are so connected that the gravity of one is always counterbalanced b vthat of the other, so that the wings are not affected by the gravity of the weights, but only by their momentum or centrifugal force.

As best shown in Figs. 16 and 17, the large ring 63 of the wind-wheel is made in segmental sections formed of channel-iron or steel turned with the fianges 86 to the periphery, and the ends of the sections bent radially inward, so that the channels of the iron form grooves in which are bolted the outer ends of the substantially square wooden spokes 87. 88 represents the holes for bolts so used through the iron and the spokes. The smaller ring 64 is also formed of channel-iron or steel and similarly secured to the spokes; but the flanges of the iron are turned inward toward the center of the wheel, and the radial ends of the segment have no grooves for the spokes, but may rather have the flanges of the iron cut away, as shown in Fig. 17. Said spokes are bolted, as shown, with their inner ends to the spider forming the hub of the wind-wheel.

The bell-crank levers and 62 may preferably be made, as in Fig. 19, with a stud 89 to go in the hole 90 of the bracket 91, which, as iu Fig. 17 best shown, is secured on the same bolts as the segments of the rings 63 and 64.

I am aware that some of the elements used in my windmill are not in themselves new and that even balance-gearings in general are not new in windmills. I do not therefore claim, broadly, everything I have shown; but

'What I do claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a windmill, the combination with a suit-able tower and a saddle swiveling on thel top thereof and having a hollow stem journaled in the tower, of the hollow upright or tube 22 placed inside of said stern, having secured to its upper end the bevel-gear 19, and its lower end secured in the tower below the stem, the upright working shaft 21 journaled within the tube 22, extending downward to near the ground, and having the gear-wheel 2O secured to its top; the wind-wheel shaft 7 journaled in the saddle and having secured on it the yoke 12 with the two bevel-gears 14 journaled on it, the double gears 15 16, journaled on the wind-wheel shaft and meshing with the gears 14 and with the gear 2O on the working shaft; and the double gear 17 18 journaled on the wind-wheel shaft and meshing with the gears 14 and 19, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a windmill, the combination with a .tower and a saddle having a hollow stein journaled in the tower,`a wind-wheel shaft journaled horizontally in the saddle and geared to machinery below; a wind-wheel secured on said horizont-al shaft and having the outer and inner rings 63, 64, and radial wings tiltingly 3. In a windmill, the combination with a tower and a saddle having a hollow stem journaled in the tower, a wind-wheel shaft journaled horizontally in the saddle and geared to machinery below; a wind-wheel secured on said horizontal shaft and having the outer and inner rings 63 and 64, and radial wings tilt ingly mounted therein, the tilting rings 68 and 70 pivoted to the ends of the wings, the

bell-crank levers 60 and 62 mounted on the spokes of the wheel, link-connected to the tilting rings, and connected together in diametrically opposite pairs by the rods 61 having the weights 85, the rods 58 extending from the rods 61, and an adjustable spring-tension mechanism mounted on the hub of the windwheel and connected to said rods 58, to resist the centrifugal force of the weights, said saddle having the horizont-al sleeve 5 with the ribs 43, the annularly-grooved head 42, sliding on said ribs, the yoke 45 engaging said groove and being operatively connected with the rods 58, the yoke 37 pivoted to the sliding head and having one end pivotally connected with the framework of the saddle an'd the other end provided with a-wire rope, or like means, extending down through the hollow stern of the saddle, and means for guiding said rope and for operating it from below, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. As an improved article of manufacture, the wind-wheel comprising in combination the hub or spider 9 and the substantially square spokes 87 secured thereto, theouter wheelring 63, made of channel-iron or steel cut into segments having their ends bent inward and their ribs or flanges upon the outer side, and on the overbent ends said flanges forming a groove for the spoke; and the inner ring 64 made in similar .manner from the same kind of material, but having the flanges turned inward, toward the center of the wheel, said fianges thus giving great strength to the wheel without getting in the way for the rwings mounted in the rings, substantially as shown and described..

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

AUGUST HARALDSON.

Witnesses: f

JOHN A. MILLER, JOHN KRANTZ.

IOO

IIO

IZO 

